which of the following statements correctly describes the law of conservation of energy?

# which of the following statements correctly describes the law of conservation of energy?

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he discovered that the orbits of planets are ellipseskepler
one of the nails in the coffin for earth-centered universe wasgalileo's observations of the moons of jupiter
which of the following is not one of nor follows directly from kepler's lawsthe force of attraction between any two objects decreases with the square of the distance between their centers
kepler's third law p2=a3 means thatall of the above are correct
from kepler's third law a hypothetical planet that is twice as far from the sun as earth should have a period ofmore than 2 earth years
from kepler's third law an asteroid with an orbital period of 8 years lies at an average distance from the sun equal to4 astronomical units
kepler's second law which states that as a planet moves around its orbit it sweeps out equal areas in equal times means thata planet travels faster when it is nearer to the sun and slower when it is farther from the sun
all the following statements are true which one follows directly from kepler's third lawvenus orbits the sun at a slower average speed than mercury
scientific models are used tomake specific predictions that can be tested through observations or experiments
in science a broad idea that has been repeatedly verified so as to give scientists great confidence that it represents reality is calleda theory
which of the following best describes how modern astronomers view astrologyastrology played an important part in the development of astronomy in ancient times but it is not a science by modern standards
according to kepler's third law p2=a3 how does a planet's mass affect its orbit around the suna planet's mass has no effect on its orbit around the sun
suppose a comet orbits the sun on a highly eccentric orbit with an average semimajor axis distance of 1au how long does it take to complete each orbit and how do we knowone year which we know from kepler's third law
which of the following is an example in which you are traveling at constant speed but not at constant velocitydriving around in a circle at exactly 100 km/hr
what is the acceleration of gravity of earth9.8 m/s2 downward
if you drop a rock from a great height about how fast will it be falling after 5 seconds neglecting air resistance50 m/s
momentum is defined asmass times velocity
if an object's velocity is doubled its momentum isdoubled
as long as an object is not gaining or losing mass a net force on the object will cause a change invelocity
if your mass is 60 kg on earth what would your mass be on the moon60 kg
in which of the following cases would you feel weightlesswhile falling from a roof
you are standing on a scale in an elevator suddenly you notice your weight decreases what do you concludethe elevator is accelerating downwards
what would happen if the space shuttle were launched with a speed greater than earth's escape velocityit would travel away from earth into the solar system
suppose an object is moving in a straight line at 50 miles/hr according to newton's first law of motion the object willcontinue to move in the same way until it is acted upon by a force
which of the following statements is not one of newton's laws of motionwhat goes up must come down
newton's second law of motion tells us that the net force applied to an object equals itsmass times acceleration
how does the space shuttle take offhot gas shoots out from the rocket and by conservation of momentum the shuttle moves in the opposite direction
the movement of a pool ball after being struck by a cue is an example ofnewton's second law of motion
the fact that the voyager spacecraft continue to speed out of the solar system even though its rockets have no fuel is an example ofnewton's first law of motion
changing the orbit of a spacecraft by firing thrusters is an example ofnewton's third law of motion
what quantities does angular momentum depend uponmass velocity and radius
a skater can spin faster by pulling her arms closer to her body or spin slower by spreading her arms out from her body this is due toconservation of angular momentum
which of the following is not a conserved quantityradiation
which of the following is not a unit of energykilowatt
radiative energy isenergy carried by light
gasoline is useful in cars because it haschemical potential energy
which of the following is a form of electrical potential energyenergy coming to your house from power companies
which object has the most kinetic energya 2 ton truck moving 90 km/hr
of the temperature ranges below which range represents the smallest range of actual temperature50-100 degrees farenheit
absolute zero is0 degrees kelvin
what does temperature measurethe average kinetic energy of particles in a substance
suppose you heat up an oven and boil a pot of water which of the following explains why you would be burned by sticking your hand briefly in the pot but not by sticking your hand briefly in the oventhe water has a higher heat content than the oven
the amount of gravitational potential energy released as an object falls depends onits mass and the distance it falls
in the formula e=mc2 what does e representthe mass-energy or potential energy stored in an object's mass
considering einstein's famous equation e=mc2 which of the following statements is truea small amount of mass can be turned into a large amount of energy
which of the following scenarios correctly demonstrates the transformation of mass into energy as given by einstein's equation e=mc2when hydrogen is fused into helium whether in the sun or in a nuclear bomb the mass difference is turned into energy
the ultimate source of energy that powers the sun ismass energy of hydrogen fusing into helium
which of the following statements correctly describes the law of conservation of energythe total quantity of energy in the universe never changes
where does the energy come from that your body uses to keep you aliveit comes from the foods you eat
when a rock is held above ground we say it has potential energy when we let it go it falls and we say the potential energy is converted to kinetic energy finally the rock hits the ground what has happened to the energythe energy goes to producing sound and to heating the ground rock and surrounding air
according to the universal law of gravitation the force due to gravity isinversely proportional to the square of the distance between objects
the force of gravity is an inverse square law this means that if you double the distance between two large masses the gravitational force between themweakens by a factor of 4
according to the universal law of gravitation if you triple the distance between two objects then the gravitational force between them willdecrease by a factor of 9
according to the universal law of gravitation if you double the masses of both attracting objects then the gravitational force between them willincrease by a factor of 4
the orbital period of a geosynchronous satellite is23 hours 56 minutes
the allowed shapes for orbits under the force of gravity areellipses parabolas and hyperbolas
each of the following lists two facts which pair can be used with newton's version of kepler's third law to determine the mass of the sunearth is 150 million km from the sun and orbits the sun in 1 year
according to what we now know from newton's laws which of the following best explains why kepler's second law is truea planet's angular momentum must be conserved as it moves around its orbit
the center of mass of a binary star system isthe point at which the two objects would balance if they were somehow connected
the mass of jupiter can be calculated bymeasuring the orbital period and distance of one of jupiter's moons
which of the following best describes the origin of ocean tides on earthtides are caused by the difference in the force of gravity exerted by the moon around the sphere of the earth
the tides on earth are an example ofthe universal law of gravitation
at which lunar phases are tides most pronounced eg the highest high tidesboth new and full moons
at which lunar phases are tides least pronounced eg the lowest high tidesboth first and third quarters
suppose a lone asteroid happens to be passing relatively near jupiter but not near any of its moons following a hyperbolic orbit as it approaches jupiter which of the following statements would be truethe asteroid's orbit around jupiter would not change and it would go out on the same hyperbolic orbit that it came in on
a basketball player jumps to make a basket and remains in the air for a moment a sportscaster talking about the game then remarks that she has defied gravity which of the following accurately describes the situationthe player produced enough force with her legs to accelerate up into the air and gravity
imagine we've discovered a planet orbiting another star at 1au every 6 months the planet has a moon that orbits the planet at the same distance as our moon but it takes 2 months what can we infer about this planetit is less massive than earth
the difference between speed and velocity is thatvelocity also includes a direction
the acceleration of gravity on earth is approximately 10 m/s2 if you drop a rock from a tall building about how fast will it be falling after 3 seconds30 m/s
suppose you lived on the moon which of the following would be trueyour weight would be less than your weight on earth but your mass would be the same
suppose that two objects collide which of the following things is not the same both before and after the collisionthe total temperature of the objects
the energy attributed to an object by virtue of its motion is known askinetic energy
what is the difference between a bound orbit and an unbound orbit around the sunan object on a bound orbit follows the same path around the sun over and over while an object on an unbound orbit approaches the sun just once and then never returns
why is newton's version of kepler's third law so useful to astronomersit can be used to determine the masses of many distant objects
what do wemean by the orbital energy of an orbiting object such as a planet moon or satelliteorbital energy is the sum of the object's kinetic energy and its gravitational potential energy as it moves through its orbit
approximately where is it currently high tide on earthon the portion of earth facing directly toward the moon and on the portion of earth facing directly away from the moon
which of the following represents a case in which you are not acceleratingdriving in a straight line at 60 mph
suppose you drop a 10 pound weight and a 5 pound weight on the moon broth from the same height at the same time what will happenboth will hit the ground at the same time
why are astronauts weightless in the space stationbecause the space station is constantly in free fall around earth
a net force acting on an object will always cause a change in the object'smomentum
suppose you are in an elevator that is traveling upward at constant speed how does your weight compare to your normal weight on the groundit is the same
the planets never travel in a straight line as they orbit the sun according to newton's second law of motion this must mean thata force is acting on the planets
suppose the sun were suddenly to shrink in size but that its mass remained the same according to the law of conservation of angular momentum what would happenthe sun would rotate faster than it does now
suppose you kick a soccer ball straight up to a height of 10 meters which of the following is true about the gravitational potential energy of the ball during its flightthe ball's gravitational potential energy is greatest at the instant when the ball is at its highest point
suppose that the sun shrank in size but that its mass remained the same what would happen to earth's orbitearth's orbit would be unaffected
imagine another solar system with a star of the same mass as the sun suppose a planet with a mass twice that of earth 2m earth orbits at a distance of 1au from the star what is the orbital period of this planet1 year
imagine another solar system with a star more massive than the sun suppose a planet with the same mass as earth orbits at a distance of 1au from the star how would the planet's year orbital period compare to earth's yearthe planet's year would be shorter than earth's
newton showed that kepler's laws arenatural consequences of the law of universal gravitation
each of the following lists two facts which pair of facts can be used with newton's version of kepler's third law to determine the mass of the sunearth is 150 million km from the sun and orbits the sun in one year
suppose that a lone asteroid happens to be passing jupiter on an unbound orbit well above jupiter's atmosphere and far from all of jupiter's moons which of the following statements would be truethe asteroid's orbit around jupiter would not change and it would go out on the same unbound orbit that it came in on
which of the following best describes the origin of ocean tides on Earthtides are caused by the difference in the force of gravity exerted by the moon across the sphere of earth
which of the following best explains why the moon's orbital period and rotation period are the samethe moon once rotated faster but tidal friction slowed the rotation period until it matched the orbital period
suppose the moon's orbit were unchanged, but it rotated faster meaning it did not have synchronous rotation which of the following would be truewe would no longer always see nearly the same face of the moon
which of
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